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Hormones And Your Skin

In the intricate tapestry of human biology, hormones play an astonishingly vital role. These chemical messengers are instrumental in regulating numerous bodily functions, from mood and metabolism to growth and reproduction. Yet, perhaps nowhere is their influence more apparent than in the health and appearance of our skin. This delicate balance between hormones and skin health is a subject that continues to fascinate scientists, dermatologists, and skincare enthusiasts alike.

The Hormonal Symphony Within

Picture this: your skin is like a canvas, a reflection of your inner health and well-being. And the brushstrokes on this canvas are intricately guided by hormones. These biochemical compounds wield considerable power over your skin’s oil production, hydration, pigmentation, and even its propensity for inflammation.

The connection between hormones and skin health is particularly noticeable during periods of hormonal fluctuations, such as adolescence, pregnancy, and menopause. Let’s take a closer look at specific hormones and their impact on the skin.

Androgen and Acne

Androgens, a group of hormones often associated with testosterone and male characteristics, wield a significant influence over the health and appearance of the skin. These powerful chemical messengers are present in both males and females, orchestrating a complex symphony of biological processes within the body.

In the context of the skin, androgens hold a pivotal role in regulating sebum production. Sebaceous glands, scattered across the skin’s surface, produce this oily substance, which is essential for maintaining skin hydration. However, an excess of sebum can lead to clogged pores and acne formation.

During puberty, androgen levels surge, triggering the sebaceous glands to kick into high gear. This surge is why acne is a common companion during adolescence. As androgen levels rise, so does sebum production, leading to a heightened likelihood of clogged pores and subsequent breakouts.

It’s not just adolescence that sees the influence of androgens on the skin. Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hormonal imbalances can result in increased androgen production, contributing to persistent acne in adults.

Estrogen and Collagen Synthesis

Estrogen, renowned for its multifaceted influence on the female body, extends its reach to the skin, where it plays a crucial role in collagen synthesis. Collagen, often dubbed the structural scaffolding of the skin, is responsible for its firmness, elasticity, and youthful appearance.

As estrogen levels ebb and flow throughout a woman’s life, their impact on collagen becomes palpable. During periods of hormonal abundance, such as adolescence and early adulthood, estrogen’s presence encourages robust collagen production. This contributes to the suppleness and radiant glow of youthful skin.

However, as the natural aging process unfolds and estrogen levels decline, a noticeable shift occurs. Reduced estrogen availability translates to decreased collagen synthesis, resulting in skin thinning, sagging, and the formation of wrinkles. Postmenopausal women, who experience a significant drop in estrogen levels, often bear witness to these changes more acutely.

Scientific studies, such as those published in the Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, underscore the intricate dance between estrogen and collagen. These insights encourage the exploration of estrogen-based therapies in the realm of skincare, aiming to restore and maintain collagen’s resilience and vitality, effectively prolonging the skin’s youthful appearance.

Cortisol and Skin Inflammation

Cortisol, the body’s primary stress hormone, conducts a complex interplay between the mind and body, with profound implications for skin health. Known as the “fight or flight” hormone, cortisol’s role extends beyond stress response to impact various physiological processes, including the skin’s condition.

In the context of skin health, chronically elevated cortisol levels can lead to a cascade of effects. Stress-induced cortisol spikes disrupt the skin’s delicate equilibrium, triggering inflammation, impairing its barrier function, and exacerbating conditions such as acne, eczema, and psoriasis. This inflammatory response can also accelerate skin aging, leading to the premature appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and dullness.

Scientific studies, such as those published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology and the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, highlight cortisol’s intricate connection with skin health. Stress management techniques like mindfulness, meditation, and yoga have shown potential in mitigating the negative impact of cortisol on the skin.

Thyroid Hormones and Skin’s Barrier Function

Beyond their pivotal role in regulating metabolism, thyroid hormones, like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), extend their reach to impact the skin’s health and appearance. In fact, the skin can show noticeable changes when thyroid function is disrupted.

Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in maintaining the skin’s moisture balance and barrier function. When thyroid function is compromised, as in cases of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, these roles come into sharp focus. Hypothyroidism, characterized by low thyroid hormone levels, often results in dry, rough, and scaly skin. The impairment of the skin’s barrier function can lead to increased susceptibility to irritants and infections.

On the other hand, hyperthyroidism, marked by excessive thyroid hormone production, presents a different set of challenges. Skin may become thin and fragile, with increased susceptibility to bruising. Excessive sweating and warmth may also accompany hyperthyroidism, adding to the complexity of its impact on the skin.

Scientific investigations, as documented in the European Journal of Dermatology, emphasize the intricate connection between thyroid hormones and skin health. The skin’s responsiveness to thyroid function highlights the integral relationship between internal hormonal balance and external appearance.

Addressing Hormonal Skincare Challenges

The link between diet and hormonal balance is an intricate one, as the food we consume exerts a profound influence on the delicate balance of hormones within our bodies. Nutritional choices play a pivotal role in supporting or disrupting hormonal equilibrium.

Essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids act as building blocks for hormone production and regulation. A diet rich in antioxidants, found in colorful fruits and vegetables, can combat oxidative stress and inflammation, promoting hormonal harmony. Omega-3 fatty acids, prevalent in fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts, contribute to balanced hormone production.

Conversely, excessive consumption of refined sugars and highly processed foods can lead to insulin resistance, a condition that disrupts hormone regulation and may contribute to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Furthermore, the gut, often referred to as the “second brain,” plays a crucial role in hormonal balance. A diet that supports gut health through fiber-rich foods, fermented products, and prebiotics can positively influence hormones like insulin and cortisol.

Scientific research, as highlighted in journals like the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology and the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, underscores the intricate interplay between diet and hormonal balance. By choosing whole, nutrient-dense foods and maintaining a balanced diet, we can empower our bodies to maintain optimal hormonal equilibrium and support overall well-being.

Science-Backed Supplements for Radiant Complexion

In the pursuit of vibrant skin, science sheds light on a spectrum of supplements that hold promise for enhancing skin health. These bioactive compounds, when taken wisely, can complement a wholesome diet and skincare routine.

  1. Vitamin C: Renowned for its antioxidant prowess, vitamin C is a stalwart defender against oxidative stress, promoting collagen synthesis and skin radiance. A study published in the Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology highlights its potential to counteract photodamage.
  2. Vitamin E: Another potent antioxidant, vitamin E, works in harmony with vitamin C to shield the skin from free radicals. A study in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology suggests its efficacy in minimizing the detrimental effects of UV exposure.
  3. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Derived from sources like fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids exhibit anti-inflammatory properties that soothe the skin and enhance its barrier function. Research in the Journal of Lipid Research demonstrates their potential in mitigating inflammatory skin conditions.
  4. Zinc: This essential mineral plays a vital role in skin health, supporting wound healing and regulating oil production. A study in the Journal of Drugs in Dermatology explores zinc’s efficacy in treating acne, underscoring its potential as a skin-enhancing supplement.
  5. Collagen Peptides: As a building block of skin structure, collagen peptides have garnered attention for their potential in promoting skin elasticity and hydration. A study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology outlines their positive impact on skin aging.
  6. Probiotics: Gut health and skin health share an intricate connection. Probiotic supplements, as detailed in the Journal of Dermatological Science, hold promise in managing skin conditions through their potential to modulate gut flora and inflammation.

These science-backed supplements, when integrated thoughtfully into a holistic approach, have the potential to elevate skin health. Be sure to consult a healthcare professional before introducing supplements into your regimen to ensure personalized suitability and dosing.

Herbal Remedies for Hormonal Skin Issues

While the domain of hormonal skin health often leads us toward pharmacological interventions, the realm of herbal remedies offers a natural approach. These remedies, grounded in centuries-old wisdom, have gained renewed attention for their potential to complement modern skincare practices.

  1. Tea Tree Oil: With its antimicrobial properties, tea tree oil has emerged as a promising agent in acne management. A study in the Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology highlights its efficacy in reducing acne lesions.
  2. Saw Palmetto: Derived from the berries of the saw palmetto plant, this herbal remedy has demonstrated anti-androgenic effects. A randomized trial published in the Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery suggests its potential in addressing androgen-related skin issues.
  3. Licorice Root: Renowned for its anti-inflammatory properties, licorice root extract has shown promise in reducing skin redness and inflammation. Research in the Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology explores its potential in treating various skin conditions.

Lifestyle Approaches for Addressing Hormonal Skin

Adopting a holistic approach of recognizing that your skin’s condition often reflects the underlying imbalances within underscores the importance of addressing overall well-being. Each individual’s hormonal profile is unique, necessitating a personalized approach to skincare. A personalized skincare routine can do wonders in maintaining skin health. Products containing salicylic acid can be beneficial for acne-prone skin. For mature skin, products containing retinoids have been extensively studied for their collagen-boosting effects. Chronic stress can lead to hormonal imbalances, which may manifest on the skin. Incorporating stress-reduction techniques like yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can indirectly promote skin health. Hormonal changes influence skin over time and addressing skin concerns requires consistent efforts and patience. A consistent skincare routine coupled with lifestyle adjustments can yield gradual but lasting improvements.

Final Thoughts

The intricate interplay between hormones and skin health is a reminder of our body’s remarkable complexity. As we journey through life, our skin reflects the stories written by our hormones. By nurturing our skin with a balanced diet, supplements, and a mindful skincare regimen, we can empower ourselves to navigate the twists and turns of hormonal changes while maintaining a radiant complexion. While scientific research sheds light on the hormonal impact on skin, each individual’s experience is unique. Listening to your body and seeking professional guidance when needed will undoubtedly pave the way for healthier, happier skin—imbued with the wisdom of hormones and the care it deserves.

Gotu Kola: The Herb of Longevity

Centella asiatica, commonly known as Gotu Kola, is often pegged as the “herb of longevity,” and is a staple in Traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic Medicine. Many practitioners claim that Gotu Kola has the power to boost brainpower, promote liver and kidney health, and target an array of skin concerns. In this blog, we will explore the origins of Gotu Kola in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda, along with its vast lineup of medicinal and skincare benefits.

All About Gotu Kola

Gota Kola

Pictured: Gota Kola    Source: Healthline

Gotu Kola is a perennial member of the parsley family, characterized by its small round leaves. The largest populations of this wetland herb are in the East and South Asian countries of China, Indonesia, and Japan, but it has started to populate other areas of the globe as well. 

In Southeast Asia, Gotu Kola is used as much for food as it is for medicinal purposes due to providing an excellent source of essential vitamins and minerals needed to maintain optimal health. It has a distinct bittersweet flavor and a slightly grassy scent.1

A review in the International Food Research Journal mentions that 100 grams of fresh Gotu Kola delivers the following nutrients and meets the following recommended dietary intake (RDI) needs:

  • Calcium: 171 milligrams (17% RDI)
  • Iron: 5.6 milligrams (31% RDI)
  • Potassium: 391 milligrams (11% RDI)
  • Vitamin A: 442 micrograms (49% RDI)
  • Vitamin C: 48.5 milligrams (81% RDI)
  • Vitamin B2: 0.19 milligrams (9% RDI)

According to a review of studies, Gotu Kola contains compounds such as triterpenoid saponins, which researchers believe may be largely responsible for the plant’s purported benefits. These studies have been major contributors to why this substance continues to gain more acceptance around the world.

Gotu Kola in Ayurveda 

Gotu Kola is considered to be the plant of knowledge and is highly regarded in Ayurveda as the herb of longevity and anti-aging. The system of Ayurveda reaches back to the period of the Indus Valley Civilization (about 3000 B.C.E) and has been passed down as a healing system through generations.

The Sanskrit word for Gotu Kola is “Brahmi,” which means “knowledge;” and is a derivative of Lord Brahma (or Brahman). Lord Brahma is the deity responsible for the world’s creative forces, and the Hindu name “Brahman” refers to universal consciousness. 2

Lod Brahma

Pictured: Lord Brahma    Source: Vedicfeed

The herb is used in Ayurvedic healing to balance all three doshas, which are the energies believed to circulate in the body and govern physiological activity — Kapha, Pitta, and Vata. Gotu Kola is said to be relaxing for Pitta, calming for Vata in the mind, and beneficial in reducing excess Kapha in the body.3

Ayurvedic doctors Abhishek Joshi and Aparna explain that “The leaves of Gotu Kola resemble the hemispheres of the brain and are used in Ayurveda to boost brain functions. It’s been mentioned as one of the best Medhya Rasayana (brain nootropics), which can enhance cognition, memory, intelligence, creativity, learning skills, and executive functions.”4

Ayurvedic medicine is a personalized system of medicine native to India and is loyal to the holistic view of treatment. Gotu Kola is one of the many health-enriching herbs in the Ayurvedic medicine cabinet, whose value extends beyond one-dimensional, modern medical treatment for issues relating to the mind, brain, and nervous system.

To learn more about Ayurveda, click here

Gotu Kola in Traditional Chinese Medicine

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Gotu Kola, or Ji Xue Cao, is used to soothe inflammatory and infectious conditions, referred to as “Internal Heat.” Those who have too much “heat” in their body are said to either have a Yang excess or a Yin deficiency. Depending on an individual’s condition, TCM practitioners use Gotu Kola to help restore a harmonious balance between Yin and Yang.5

Additionally, “The Five Element Theory” in TCM states that the taste of ingredients is a key determinant of their action in the body and what organs and meridians they target. Bitter ingredients like Gotu Kola tend to have a cleansing action on the body and can promote the circulation of Qi, which is one of the building blocks of TCM.6

Gotu Kola is thought to target the spleen, kidney, and liver. In TCM, the spleen assists with digestion and blood coagulation, while the kidneys play a crucial role in the reproductive system and aging process of the body. The liver is often referred to as the body’s “general” as it’s in charge of regulating the movements of Qi and takes a leading role in balancing our emotions.7

The Five Element Theory

Pictured: The Five Element Theory   Source: Earthway

Gotu Kola’s use in TCM is mentioned in the Chinese Shennong Herbal, which was written around the 1st century CE. It’s been called one of the “miracle elixirs of life,” especially by Chinese herbalist Li Ching-Yun, who some believe lived to the age of 197 and reportedly used Gotu Kola regularly. Today, the herb is still widely used by many TCM practitioners.

To learn more about Traditional Chinese Medicine, click here

The Benefits of Gotu Kola

Due to Gotu Kola’s anti-inflammatory benefits, as well as its ability to promote overall mental and physical health, Gotu Kola has been a staple in traditional systems of medicine for millennia. Here’s a deeper look into the science-backed benefits of Gotu Kola:

Gotu Kola May Help Boost Cognitive Function and Treat Alzheimer’s Disease

A small 2016 study compared the effects of Gotu Kola extract and folic acid in boosting cognitive function after a stroke. This small study assessed the impact on three groups of participants taking different milligram doses of Gotu Kola daily. Although Gotu Kola and folic acid were equally beneficial in improving overall cognition, Gotu Kola was more effective in improving the memory domain.8, 9

Gotu Kola’s ability to enhance memory and nerve function gives it potential in treating Alzheimer’s disease. One 2012 study found that Gotu Kola extract had a positive effect on behavioral abnormalities in those with Alzheimer’s disease.10 The extract was also shown to have a modest effect on protecting brain cells from toxicity, which could potentially protect the cells from forming the plaque associated with Alzheimer’s. 

Gotu Kola May Help Reduce Anxiety and Stress

A 2016 study found that Gotu Kola had an anti-anxiety effect on participants that were sleep deprived for 72 hours. Sleep deprivation can potentially lead to anxiety, oxidative damage, and neuroinflammation.11 Those that were given Gotu Kola for five consecutive days before undergoing sleep deprivation experienced significantly less anxiety-like behavior, along with improved locomotor activity and less oxidative damage.

Additionally, Gotu Kola protects the brain from inflammation, which is thought to be an underlying cause of depression. Studies have found that Gotu Kola increased participants’ calmness, contentedness, and alertness, thus reducing the symptoms of anxiety and depression.12, 13

Gotu Kola May Improve Circulation and Reduce Swelling

Another benefit that Gotu Kola is most known for is its ability to improve blood circulation, which can speed up the skin’s healing process and make it effective in treating varicose veins, broken capillaries, and cellulite. This also can aid individuals struggling with hair loss as better circulation means improved delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the scalp.14

Research from 2001 found that Gotu Kola can also reduce fluid retention and ankle swelling. Participants who experienced mild-to-moderate superficial venous disease with varicose veins were asked to take Gotu Kola two days before taking a flight. Researchers found that participants who took Gotu Kola experienced significantly less fluid retention and ankle swelling than those who didn’t.15

Gotu Kola May Reduce the Signs of Aging and Promote Hydration

Gotu Kola is rich in triterpene saponins, which is a compound that helps keep skin tighter and firmer, and is also a great source of phytonutrients called flavonoids that act as antioxidants and fight off free radical damage. As such, Gotu Kola can boost the formation of collagen and skin tissue, which is crucial in maintaining the skin’s elasticity and youthful glow. 

In one study, published in Clinical, Cosmetic, and Investigation Dermatology in 2017, researchers tested out a fluid containing hyaluronic acid, glycerin, and Gotu Kola extract on 20 women’s forearms over the course of one day. One arm got the fluid while the other forearm got a control cream. 

The researchers measured the hydration level and the amount of water lost throughout the day. Results showed that the arm that got the Gotu Kola fluid showed significantly more hydration and less water loss compared to both the participants’ baseline measurements and the control.16

Gotu Kola May Promote Wound Healing and Reduce the Appearance of Stretch Marks

In a 2015 study, researchers found that wound dressings containing Gotu Kola had healing effects on multiple types of wounds, including burns, clean cuts by sharp objects, irregular tears caused by blunt-force trauma, and infected tissue.17 

According to a 2013 review, Gotu Kola can also reduce the appearance of stretch marks. It’s thought that the terpenoids found in Gotu Kola can increase collagen production in the body, which may prevent new marks from forming, as well as help fade any existing marks.18

The Humanist Beauty Herban Wisdom® Eye Cream

Herban Wisdom Eye Cream EWG

Gotu Kola is integrated into the Humanist Beauty Herban Wisdom® Eye Cream for its antibacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, anxiolytic, and circulatory stimulating properties. Its ability to calm inflammation and swelling, speed up wound healing, stimulate new cell growth, improve circulation, and increase collagen production make it a vital ingredient in the Humanist Beauty Herban Wisdom® Eye Cream.

You can shop the Humanist Beauty Herban Wisdom® Eye Cream here.

 

 

References:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/gotu_kola_sambol_27863 [1]

https://www.ayurvedacollege.com/blog/brahmi/ [2]

https://doshaguru.com/gotukola/ [3]

https://ayurvedaexpert.in/about-us/ [4]

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/338797 [5]

https://www.mosherhealth.com/mosher-health-system/chinese-medicine/yin-yang#:~:text=The%20Five%20Phases%3A%20Wood%2C%20Fire,%2C%20Earth%2C%20Metal%2C%20and%20Water&text=These%20elements%20correspond%20with%20the,and%20the%20human%20internal%20environment. [6]

https://www.tcmworld.org/what-is-tcm/the-five-major-organ-systems/ [7]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4908235/ [8]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4764102/ [9]

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijad/2012/381974/ [10]

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26848139/ [11]

https://bebrainfit.com/gotu-kola-benefits-brain/#:~:text=Additionally%2C%20gotu%20kola%20protects%20the,symptoms%20of%20anxiety%20and%20depression. [12]

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23653088/ [13]

https://www.sundari.com/blogs/wellness-tips/gotu-kola-the-anti-aging-skincare-elixir#:~:text=The%20use%20of%20Gotu%20Kola,fight%20off%20free%20radical%20damage.[14]

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11666121/ [15]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3834700/ [16]

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037851731500486X?via%3Dihub [17]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3834700/ [18]

How Skin Heals

It’s safe to say that our bodies are truly magical; however, we often take the intricacy of wound healing for granted. If you get a small cut, you may clean and cover it with a bandage, and move on with your life. Yet under that bandage, the body orchestrates a complex cascade of events designed to heal wounds big and small. In this blog, we will dive into the four stages of wound healing, along with how you can help your skin heal, ingredients to look for in skincare to promote healing, and supplementation.

The Four Stages of Wound Healing

Wound healing is the process by which the skin, or any injured organ, repairs itself after injury. The main aim of wound healing is to prevent or limit further damage, clean and seal the wound against infection, and restore tissue strength.

The wound healing process can be characterized by four overlapping phases:

Homoeostasis Phase

Upon wounding, the first phase of the wound response is concerned with maintaining homoeostasis within the body, which is any self-regulating process by which biological systems tend to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival.

Most wounds, even superficial wounds, result in damage to the circulatory system. To prevent blood loss and reduce the chance of an infection spreading throughout the body, platelets within the blood begin to form a fibrin clot to seal the wound site. 

Additionally, vasoconstriction, the narrowing of blood vessels by small muscles in their walls, occurs around the wound as a means of isolating the wound site. However, this is soon followed by vasodilation, the widening of blood vessels as a result of the relaxation of the blood vessel’s muscular walls, so the required cells are able to be recruited to the wound site. 

Inflammatory Phase

Once the wound is closed with a clot, the blood vessels can open a bit to allow fresh nutrients and oxygen into the wound for healing. Blood-borne oxygen is essential for healing. The right balance of oxygen is also important— too much or too little and the wound won’t heal correctly. 

White blood cells, called macrophages, take on the role of wound protector by fighting infection and overseeing the repair process. You might see some clear fluid on or around the cut at this time, which is helping clean out the wound. Macrophages also produce chemical messengers, called growth factors, which help repair the wound.

Proliferative Phase

The proliferative phase itself can be divided into four phases; in the case of shallow wounds the first two steps may not occur:

  • Re-vascularization: New blood vessels are formed around the wound site in order to supply the cells and nutrients required to remodel the wound.
  • Granulation: Fibroblasts, a type of cell that contributes to the formation of connective tissue, are attracted to the wound site and quickly lay down a temporary extracellular matrix (ECM), comprised of collagen and fibronectin, upon which the epidermis can be reconstituted.
  • Re-epithelialization: The exact mechanism of re-epithelialization is poorly understood. It’s thought that surviving epithelial cells around the wound edge become more motile and stretch to cover the wound site. Once a continuous epidermis is formed, they lose this motility and begin to divide.
  • Contraction: Re-epithelization is thought to occur simultaneously with contraction, where myofibroblasts, a predominant cell type that’s present in granulation tissue of contracting wounds, are recruited around the wound site and pull against each other to contract the size of the wound.

Essentially, during this phase, blood cells of all types arrive to help build new tissue. Chemical signals instruct cells to create collagen, which serves as a type of scaffolding, and other tissues to begin the repair process. Occasionally, you see the result of this process as a scar that starts out red and eventually dulls.

Remodeling Phase

Following the closure of the wound, remodeling can occur. The epidermis proliferates and returns to its normal character; fibroblasts and immune cells which were recruited to the site are degraded; and the temporary extracellular matrix that was laid down is remodeled into a stronger, more permanent structure.

Over time, the new tissue gets stronger. You might notice stretching, itching, and even puckering of the wound as this happens. Within three months, the wound is almost as strong in its repair as it was before the trauma, but the entire healing process may take a couple of years to complete.

Stages of wound healing

Pictured: Stages of wound healing     Source: VCU

Epidermal Wound Healing

Epidermal wound healing refers to the repair of the epidermis in response to wounding. Epidermal only wounds are typically less severe than those affecting the dermis and so stages of the wound healing response may be missed.

As the epidermis itself is not vascularized — it’s receiving blood from the dermis — a clotting and vasoconstrictive response are often not necessary. Immune cells may still be recruited to the wound site since the removal of the epidermal barrier makes the wound susceptible to infection.

Since the dermis is intact, local fibroblasts are able to contribute to the formation of a new basement membrane, upon which the epidermis sits. In very minor wounds, even the basement membrane might remain intact, allowing for rapid re-epithelialization. 

Keratinocytes — epidermal epithelial cells — around the wound site migrate across the wound and close it. Additionally, epidermal cells from dermal appendages, such as hair follicles, can contribute to wound closure.

Since the dermis and underlying tissue have not been damaged, very little remodeling is required. As such, small wounds only in the epidermis typically heal rapidly and are often not observable via the formation of scar tissue within a period of months.

Skin layers

Source: Skin layers    Source: Urgo Medical

Deep Wound Healing

A deep wound involves the inner, deeper layers of the skin, known as the dermis. Deep wounds that damage the dermis are more difficult to heal than shallow, epidermal-only wounds. The wound healing processes may be extended and scar tissue is likely to form due to improper re-epithelialization.

Additionally, deep wounds are more susceptible to infection, and also to the development of systemic infection through the circulatory system, as well as dysregulation that results in chronic wounds such as ulcers.

The wound healing process for deep wounds is similar to that of shallow wounds. However, with the removal of the dermis and its associated skin appendages, re-epithelialization can only occur from the wound edge, with no contribution from the dermal compartment. 

Therefore, proper reconstitution of the epidermis is often only seen at the edge of the wound, with fibrous scar tissue — formed from the ECM deposited during the proliferative phase — covering the rest of the wound site.

With the formation of a scar, the original physiological properties of the tissue are lost. For example, scars are less flexible than the original skin and do not feature sweat glands or hair follicles. The ECM formed during wound healing may also be weaker in deep wounds, making the site susceptible to additional later wounding. 

How You Can Help Your Skin Heal

A wound describes an injury that cuts, breaks, or impacts the skin. As a result, the body’s internal tissues become exposed to the external environment and bacteria. Most minor wounds won’t require medical treatment; however, while the majority of cuts heal naturally over time, there are ways to speed up the healing process:

Care for the Wound

Throughout the healing process be sure to clean and dress the wound. Even if you feel that you are healing fine and can skip this step, make sure to keep tending to your wound unless approved by a medical professional. Cleaning the wound and covering it ensures that no outside bacteria can get to the wound and infect it, while also encouraging skin tissue growth for healing.

To learn how to properly clean a wound, click here

How to clean a wound

Pictured: How to clean a wound      Source: St. John Ambulance Victoria

Get Some Rest

Getting a good night’s rest is crucial to wounds healing properly. As you sleep, your body works to repair tissue and fight off infections. A study conducted by the Journal of Applied Psychology studied two groups to see how healing was impacted by sleep.1

The first group who slept for three hours a night had high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and in comparison to the group who slept for eight hours a night, the sleep-deprived participants had a delayed wound healing time by a full day.

Add Healing Foods to Your Diet

There are an abundance of healing foods that can speed your recovery process, including:

  • Clean, Lean Protein: The body cannot rebuild lost tissue without protein. Try to get at least four to five ounces of organic, lean protein, such as grass-fed beef, per meal.
  • Wild-Caught Fish: Essential fatty acids found in foods like wild-caught fish, walnuts, flaxseeds, and chia seeds are critical to helping rapidly heal wounds.
  • Green Leafy Vegetables: Broccoli, kale, spinach, and other greens are high in vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting.

Avoid Foods That Slow Healing

There are also some foods and beverages that you’ll want to try and avoid to encourage healing, including:

  • Alcohol can increase inflammation, which is counterproductive to healing.
  • Sugar and refined grains can promote inflammation, slowing the healing process.
  • Hydrogenated oils can promote inflammation and decrease the ability of your body to heal.
  • Processed foods contain hydrogenated oils, chemicals, dyes, and other additives that can slow wound healing.

Get Moving

Research has continually shown that physical activity can help accelerate the healing process in wounds. In fact, researchers at the Ohio State University found that exercise can speed wound healing rates by as much as 25%.2

Activities like strength training and yoga provide an excellent source of movement without the risk of agitating a wound. Basic lunges, planks, crunches, or jumping jacks offer another source of exercise where the risk of injury is low. Any low-impact activity can help draw oxygen to the wounds to accelerate the healing process.

Ingredients in Skincare to Use For Healing

Skincare ingredients can be complicated, but the fact of the matter is that people are now, more than ever, wanting to know what ingredients are in their favorite products and what they do. It’s important to know what you’re putting on your skin, especially when you have wounds.

Here’s a look at a few ingredients that can potentially do wonders for the wound healing process:

  • Vitamin A: When it comes to tissue repair and cell regeneration, getting enough vitamin A in your diet is key. Besides being vital to promoting proper skin health, some evidence even suggests that this vitamin could aid in wound healing as well. A study published in Dermatologic Surgery, for instance, found that pre-treatment with retinoids improved wound healing after undergoing facial resurfacing procedures.3
  • Centella Asiatica Extract: This ingredient is a traditional Indian medicine extracted from the tropical plant Gotu Kola, which helps the wound healing process by reducing glycation processes and implicitly slowing the oxidative damage. It’s most effective in the proliferation and remodeling phases by boosting the local metabolism and speeding up the healing.4
  • Niacinamide: Also known as vitamin B3, this is one of the most popular ingredients in cosmetic treatments due to its multipurpose and potency. Several studies confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin B3 that are efficient in aiding the immune response and speeding the recovery. Niacinamide is also an actor in increasing fibroblast migration and proliferation– thus speeding the wound closure.5
  • Grape Seed Extract: A study from researchers at Ohio State University found that this ingredient can help regenerate damaged blood vessels and also increase the number of free radicals in the wound site while reducing the chance of scarring.6
  • Tamanu Seed Oil: As an antibacterial oil, this ingredient is capable of healing wounds by promoting healthy cell growth. When its applied to wounds, it has the ability to promote the formation of new tissue.7
  • Frankincense Oil: This ingredient has been used by healers throughout history for its wound-healing abilities; it’s known to regenerate tissue and prevent infection.8
  • Avocado Oil: A 2013 study found that the oil derived from the avocado pulp reduces inflammation when applied to a wound site. This action ensures quick healing of wounds. Further, the application of the oil on wounds showed improved collagen synthesis and re-epithelialization. 

Supplementation for Wound Healing

Innumerable processes are involved in healing — from the production of platelets and macrophages to the rebuilding of the extracellular matrix and the formation of new blood vessels. But these healing processes can’t happen if the body doesn’t have the right vitamins and nutrients.

To maintain normal health, the human body needs a minimum of 20 vitamins and 16 minerals/trace elements. The following three play a role in recovery and healing at various physiological levels:

Zinc

A minimum of 70 major wound-healing enzyme systems — including DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, protease, and carbonic anhydrase — rely on zinc as a cofactor. Zinc is also important in cell membrane stabilization, carbohydrate metabolism, and mobilization of vitamins A and C, among others. 

Because lower zinc levels have been associated with impaired wound healing, some researchers have suggested that zinc replenishment may increase healing rates. Furthermore, many topical agents include zinc due to its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, which may be especially beneficial for skin wounds.9

Vitamin B Complex

The vitamin B complex comprises all essential water-soluble vitamins, with the exception of vitamin C, and includes thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), biotin, folic acid, and the cobalamins (vitamin B12). These B vitamins are found naturally in cereals, dairy, fish, and meats. 

The vitamin B complex aids with cell proliferation and the maintenance of muscle tone and healthy skin. It also increases metabolic rate and improves the function of the immune and nervous systems. In one study of the effects of vitamin B complex on periodontal wound healing, supplementation with vitamin B complex significantly increased wound repair compared to a placebo regimen.

Vitamin C

As with the B complex vitamins, vitamin C is an essential water-soluble vitamin. It’s an electron donor for various enzymes, a mighty antioxidant, and a cofactor in collagen synthesis. Vitamin C contributes to enzyme processes important in lysine and proline hydroxylation necessary for the formation of the triple helix present in collagen.

It also contributes to enzyme processes necessary for carnitine synthesis, which is required to transport fatty acids into mitochondria that are used in ATP generation. Vitamin C also plays a role in immune response, iron uptake and metabolism, trace metal metabolism, and calcium metabolism for the homeostasis of epidermal gradients.

Vitamin E and Omega-3s and the Healing Process

When it comes to supplements, there’s so much hype about their potential benefits that it can be hard to separate fact from fiction. While it’s true that vitamins and minerals are essential to health and can be great for wound healing, it’s not true that taking them in pill, capsule, or powder form — especially in megadoses — is necessary, or without risks.

Vitamin E and omega-3s, for example, are both veritable powerhouses. The first, a fat-soluble vitamin, operates as a potent antioxidant and offers support to hair, eyes, cholesterol levels, hormone balance, and more. Omega-3s, meanwhile, support heart and brain health and may play a role in helping with the maintenance of a healthy inflammatory response in the body.

But one of the most serious side effects of both is the thinning of the blood. Fish oil — a common form of omega-3s — thins the blood in “similar ways to blood thinners,” medical writer Jack Challem claims in his book, The Inflammation Syndrome

“This effect happens through the prevention of the platelets found in blood from sticking together and forming clots.” It has been said that these “blood-thinning effects may be magnified if you are taking natural blood-thinners, such as vitamin E.”

To illustrate this further: “Since both fish oil and vitamin E thin your blood, taking them in combination might put you at risk of excessive bleeding, especially if you take them in large amounts,” SF Gate reports.10

Discuss with your doctor before taking either— they may determine that you don’t need a supplement, and, if you do, will help you ascertain the right dosage.

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References:

https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/sleep-helps-wounds-heal-faster [1]

https://news.osu.edu/study-exercise-helps-speed-wound-healing-in-older-adults/ [2]

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17034370/ [3]

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22817824/ [4]

https://www.apothecopharmacy.com/blog/how-to-speed-wound-healing/#:~:text=Niacinamide,to%20help%20speed%20up%20recovery. [5]

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021204081709.htm#:~:text=Grape%2Dseed%20extract%20may%20help,radicals%20in%20the%20wound%20site. [6]

https://www.webmd.com/beauty/health-benefits-tamanu-oil [7]

https://earthwisebeauty.com/blogs/news/the-ancient-healing-power-of-frankincense#:~:text=Regardless%20of%20the%20species%20they,and%20for%20a%20wide%20range [8]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793244/ [9]

https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/benefits-taking-fish-oil-vitamin-e-together-10487.html [10]

The Difference Between Beauty Marks and Moles

When you think of beauty marks, you may envision the iconic celebrity faces of Marilyn Monroe or Cindy Crawford. Beauty marks have been deeply rooted in aesthetic value for decades, but they also have an intricate past relating to the ways different cultures viewed them. You may be wondering what beauty marks really are. Are they freckles? Are they moles? Are they dangerous? For answers to these questions and more, read on.

Are Beauty Marks and Moles Different?

In truth, the term “beauty mark” was coined to describe a dark spot on your face that’s seen as attractive or beautiful, meaning beauty marks are essentially just glorified moles. Most of the time, these spots are considered beauty marks when they are located somewhere visible and give the person who possesses them a unique look. For example, if a mole appears on the face, by social standards, it’s deemed a beauty mark. However, if a mole appears on your shoulder, then it’s typically labeled as an ordinary mole.

While pop culture may have us believe that beauty marks are for the fair and few, this is simply not true. According to the Cleveland Clinic, most moles appear in early childhood and during the first 20 years of life, and it’s normal for a person to have between 10-20 moles by adulthood.1

The History of Beauty Marks

Throughout history, beauty marks have come to represent more than just moles. As with many features on the face, they have been highly regarded in aesthetic value. In many contemporary societies, the beauty mark is deemed trendy and is sought after by many, which has even caused people to create fake beauty marks with makeup and tattoos. However, the value of beauty marks has vacillated throughout time and across various cultures.

Ancient Rome

The Romans’ view on beauty marks had a dark connotation. Moles, freckles, and other marks were considered problematic, and many Roman women attempted to remove or fade them with ashes made from snails. On the other end of the spectrum, formerly enslaved Romans would use faux moles to conceal the scars they accrued from the abuse they endured during their time in bondage.2

Artwork of a Woman from Ancient Rome

Source: Popsugar

Ancient China

Mian Xiang, or face reading, was developed during the period of the Yellow Emperor (2700 BC) as a form of divination. This ancient practice, which is still used today, involves analyzing certain facial features to provide insight into someone’s future and character. The color of a mole is a central aspect of Mian Xing. Red and black moles are seen to be favorable, while brown moles represent grave warning signs.3

Sculpture of a Woman from Ancient China

Source: Popsugar

18th Century Mexico

In 18th century Mexico, it wasn’t uncommon for women to wear faux beauty marks made from tortoiseshell and fabric. These artificial patches were called chiqueadores and were commonly placed on the temple or forehead as a trend. It’s been suggested that the origin of the patches may be related to holistic cures for headaches, which involved medicinal herbs being placed under the patch.4

Portrait of a Woman from 18th Century Mexico

Source: Unframed

18th Century Europe

With smallpox being a common problem, Europeans quickly thought to use markings to cover the scars that resulted from the disease. These rapidly became a fad of artificial beauty marks that swept the aristocratic class, having different colors and shapes such as stars, moons, and suns. Nicknamed mouches by the French, these adhesive moles made from either moleskin or velvet became a unique fashion statement that often conveyed a person’s mood based on their placement. A mouche on the cheek was considered a sign of flirtation.5

Portrait of Two Women from 18th Century Europe

Source: Wikipedia

The 1950s to Present Day

Fast forward to the mid-1900s in America, and the world of Hollywood couldn’t get enough of the beauty mark. American actress and singer Marilyn Monroe helped to popularize the style with a natural beauty mark on her cheek; however, questions have surfaced regarding its legitimacy.6 She led the way for Elizabeth Taylor, Etta James, and Edie Sedgwick’s beauty marks, which seemed to grow bolder as their fame rose.

Quite a few stars and icons have emerged with beauty marks since then, such as Cindy Crawford, Madonna, Eva Mendez, and Blake Lively, all-embracing their natural beauty marks as key to their signature looks. Some others, such as Amy Winehouse, didn’t have a beauty mark; opting to wear a Monroe piercing instead, which is a tiny stud placed in the area of Marilyn Monroe’s beauty mark to portray a similar look.

Marilyn Monroe

Source: Independent

What Are Moles?

Moles are a common type of skin growth, often appearing as small, dark brown spots. One mole is called a nevus, while more than one is known as nevi. Generally, moles emerge during childhood and adolescence, but as the years pass, they usually change slowly by becoming raised or changing colors due to different conditions ranging from sun exposure to pregnancy. Some moles even disappear over time.

Moles occur when cells on the skin grow in a cluster instead of being spread throughout the skin. These particular types of cells are called melanocytes, and they make the pigment that gives skin its natural color.

A Brief Look at Melanoma

Most moles are harmless, but if you notice changes in the appearance of one, it’s always recommended to have a doctor take a look at it. Most of the time, it’s nothing, but it could be melanoma. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops when melanocytes start to grow out of control. Other names for this cancer include malignant melanoma and cutaneous melanoma. Most of the time, melanoma cells still function to make the darkening pigment in your skin, so melanoma tumors usually appear brown or black.

Melanoma is usually caused by too much UV exposure but can develop anywhere on the body, most likely starting on the chest or back in men and on the legs in women. Melanoma is much less common than other types of skin cancers but is more dangerous because it can potentially spread through the body when not caught in its early stages.

A crosssection diagram of skin showing a melanoma

Pictured: Melanoma     Source: University of Minnesota

You can reduce your risk of melanoma by:

  • Avoiding the sun during the day. In most places on Earth, the Sun’s rays are strongest between 10 AM and 4 PM, so you can try scheduling outdoor activities at other times or when it’s cloudy.
  • Wear sunscreen year-round. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, even on cloudy days.
  • Wear protective clothing. Cover your skin with dark, tightly woven clothing that covers your arms and legs. Many companies also sell protective clothing, which your dermatologist can recommend.
  • Avoid tanning lamps and beds. Tanning lamps and beds emit UV rays and can increase your risk of skin cancer. Spray tans are a great alternative to the harshness of tanning beds.

3 Types of Moles You Should Know About

Skin moles are common; everyone has them. With so many shapes, sizes, and colors, it’s hard to know if that spot that has taken residency on your body is normal or a potential health threat. Most adults have common moles, which are harmless. However, other types of moles can increase your risk of melanoma.

Here are a few types of moles to take a look at:

Acquired Moles

If a mole appears on your skin after you’re born, it’s known as an acquired mole or common mole. Most people who have fair complexions usually have 10 to 40 acquired moles. However, according to statistics, having 50 or more of these moles increases your risk of melanoma. Acquired moles are usually not cancerous but can be.

Acquired moles are usually:

  • Round or oval
  • Flat, slightly raised, or sometimes dome-shaped
  • Smooth or rough
  • One color (tan, brown, black, red, pink, blue, or skin-colored)
  • Unchanging
  • Small (¼ inch or less; the size of a pencil eraser)
  • May have hairs

Common Moles

Pictured: Common Moles    Source: Visuals Online

Congenital Mole

Congenital moles are commonly called birthmarks and vary widely in size, shape, and color. About 0.1 to 2.1% of infants are born with a congenital mole. Larger congenital moles have a greater risk of becoming malignant in adulthood (4 to 6% lifetime risk). Changes in growth, color, shape, or pain of a birthmark should always be evaluated by a doctor.

Some birthmarks may be treated for cosmetic reasons, which include:

  • Surgery
  • Dermabrasion (skin resurfacing)
  • Skin shaving
  • Chemical peel for lightening
  • Laser ablation for lightening

Congenital Mole

Pictured: Congenital Mole     Source: WebMD

Atypical Mole

Atypical moles, which are also known as dysplastic nevi, can appear anywhere on your body, but rarely on the face.They have the potential to become cancerous, but it’s estimated that only 1 in 10,000 atypical moles turn into cancer. Most commonly, these moles are harmless, but if you have 4 or more of them, there is a higher risk of developing cancer.

If members of your family have a lot of atypical moles, you may have what’s called “familial atypical multiple mole melanoma” (FAMMM Syndrome). Your risk of melanoma is potentially 17.3 times higher than people who don’t have FAMMM Syndrome. Seek out the advice of a doctor to schedule yearly exams if you have a personal history of atypical moles.

In general, atypical moles are:

  • Irregular in shape with uneven borders
  • Pebbled in texture
  • Varied in color – mixes of tan, brown, red, and pink
  • Larger than a pencil eraser, 6 millimeters or more
  • More common in people who have high sun exposure
  • More common in fair-skinned people

Atypical Moles

Pictured: Atypical Moles    Source: Melanoma Education

DIY Mole Checks

Regular mole checks can help keep tabs on your moles to make sure you aren’t at risk. By doing regular checks, you can increase the chance of detecting and treating melanoma and other types of skin cancers. Dermatologists recommend doing your own monthly check-ins to see if there are any changes in the color or appearance of your moles.

Here are a few tips to follow when taking part in a monthly DIY mole check:

  • After a Shower. According to the American Cancer Society, it’s best to look at your skin straight out of the shower.7
  • Use a Mirror. A full-length mirror paired with a hand mirror will let you get a close, accurate view of your moles. If you’re just beginning your mole check journey, you should check the entirety of your body. You can also have a family member help you take a look at the difficult-to-see places like your back.
  • Take Pictures. To make your monthly mole check easier, try taking photos of the moles that you find. Pictures are a great way to stay on top of any changes that may have occurred.
  • Know Your Tactic: It’s best to get into a routine, which can make it easier to remember where all of your moles are. Try examining the same way every month.
  • Don’t Skip Your Toes. Unfortunately, it’s true; moles can pop up on hidden areas like your toes. Other secret hiding places for moles are your fingers, backs of your knees, groin, and the soles of your feet.

The ABCDE Rule

Now that you know how to perform thorough mole checks, it’s time to learn what exactly you’re looking for. Use the ABCDE rule, which was created by dermatologists, to look for common signs of melanoma.

ABCDE stands for:

  • Asymmetry: Check to see if one part of the mole doesn’t match the other.
  • Border: Irregular, ragged, notched, or blurred edges may be a sign of melanoma.
  • Color: Keep a close eye on the color of your moles. Unusual shades of brown or black, pink, red, white, or blue are a possible negative sign.
  • Diameter: Be cautious about the size of your mole. The spot shouldn’t be larger than ¼ inches across (size of a pencil eraser), but sometimes melanomas can be smaller.
  • Evolving: Is your mole changing in size, color, or shape?

The ABCDE Rule

Pictured: ABCDE Rule     Source: MiiiSkin

Getting Rid of Moles

While at-home options exist for mole removal, it’s important to always seek a professional’s advice before using any type of removal kit. In addition to the benefit of safety, doctors will also send the sample of tissue to a lab to be tested for melanoma. If you remove the mole at home, you won’t know if your mole was cancerous or not.

 Here’s why common techniques pose a risk:

  • Topical pastes can cause allergic reactions when applied to the skin, and they don’t usually succeed at removing moles.
  • Shaving to remove moles often leaves traces of the mole on your skin, along with a potential scar. This also carries the risk of infection.
  • Tattooing over moles makes it hard to detect changes in your mole if they occur.

Safety is always key, so don’t wait to schedule an appointment with your doctor or dermatologist. If one of your moles does turn out to be cancerous, it will be much easier to treat early on. If it turns out to be benign, you’ll have a piece of mind.

References:

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4410-moles [1]

https://unframed.lacma.org/2018/02/01/beauty-eye-beholder-fashion-18th-century-mexico#:~:text=by%20Rafael%20Doniz-,Beauty%20in%20the%20Eye%20of%20the,Fashion%20in%2018th%2DCentury%20Mexico&text=These%20spots%20are%20not%20mistakes,applied%20to%20the%20wearer’s%20head. [4]

https://www.geriwalton.com/french-mouches/ [5]

https://www.cancer.org/healthy/be-safe-in-sun/skin-exams.html [7]